Nucleus ( “Leader in the Group”)
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/2211767_orig.jpg)
It houses the majority of genetic material of a cell.
It controls all activity within the cell.
It contains the cells of DNA in the form of genes.
It directs the production of proteins.
Ribosomes (“lumber or brick yard”)
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/612425.png?253)
They interpret cellular information from the nucleus and synthesize proteins.
They are small bodies free or attached to Endoplasmic reticulum
They made of RNA & protein
The ribosomes carry out manual labor in the form of protein synthesis for the nucleus. They bring together all the raw ingredients such as RNA and amino acids to assemble proteins.
Nucleolus
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/4199623_orig.png)
- Most nuclei also contain a small, dense region known as the NUCLEOLUS
- Found inside the cell's nucleus
- May have more than one
- Disappear during cell division
- Function: Make ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Routh & Smooth) ["highways and road systems"]
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/1014782.jpg?325)
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – Smooth ER and Rough ER.
This extensive network makes up approximately one half of all membranous tissue of the cell
It is the site of membrane and protein synthesis.
Rough ER is named for the presence of ribosomes along its membrane and is the source of proteins.
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis and processes a variety of metabolic processes such as drug detoxification.
This extensive network makes up approximately one half of all membranous tissue of the cell
It is the site of membrane and protein synthesis.
Rough ER is named for the presence of ribosomes along its membrane and is the source of proteins.
Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is responsible for lipid synthesis and processes a variety of metabolic processes such as drug detoxification.
Glogi Apparatus (“post office”)
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/9612059_orig.jpg)
- Stacks of flattened sacs
Have a cis & trans face - Modify proteins made by the cells
- Package & export proteins
- In Conclusion, it is used for shipping those goods created by the ER and ribosomes to the rest of cell.
Mitochondria (“energy plant”)
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/2029966.png?319)
It is the site of cellular respiration.
The main function of mitochondria in aerobic cells is the production of energy by synthesis of ATP.
Mitochondria also have many other functions, including:
Processing and storage of calcium ions (Ca2+)
Apoptosis, i.e. the process of programmed cell death
Regulation of cellular metabolism
Synthesis of certain steroids
Breaks down sugar (glucose) molecules to release energy
The main function of mitochondria in aerobic cells is the production of energy by synthesis of ATP.
Mitochondria also have many other functions, including:
Processing and storage of calcium ions (Ca2+)
Apoptosis, i.e. the process of programmed cell death
Regulation of cellular metabolism
Synthesis of certain steroids
Breaks down sugar (glucose) molecules to release energy
Cell Membrane (“City Border”)
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/6534381.png?462)
Plant - inside cell wall
Animal - outer layer; cholesterol
Functions:
Support
Protection
Controls movement of materials in/out of cell
Barrier between cell and its environment
Maintains homeostasis
Like a city perimeter, cell membranes surround the cell and have the ability to regulate entrance and exit of substances, thereby maintaining internal balance. These membranes also protect the inner cell from outside forces.
Animal - outer layer; cholesterol
Functions:
Support
Protection
Controls movement of materials in/out of cell
Barrier between cell and its environment
Maintains homeostasis
Like a city perimeter, cell membranes surround the cell and have the ability to regulate entrance and exit of substances, thereby maintaining internal balance. These membranes also protect the inner cell from outside forces.
Cytoskeleton (“steel girders”)
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/7808636.png?306)
Made of microtubules 7 microfilaments
Strengthen cell & maintains the shape
Moves organelles within the cell
The cytoskeleton makes up the internal framework, like the steel girders that are the framework for buildings in a city that gives each cell its distinctive shape and high level of organization.
Strengthen cell & maintains the shape
Moves organelles within the cell
The cytoskeleton makes up the internal framework, like the steel girders that are the framework for buildings in a city that gives each cell its distinctive shape and high level of organization.
Cytoplasm (“lawns and parks”)
![Picture](/uploads/2/3/8/3/23832990/1315622_orig.png)
Cytoplasm is a semi-fluid substance (think gelatin) found inside the cell. The cytoplasm encases, cushions and protects the internal organelles. It is the cell landscape found in any space where organelles are not and therefore is much like the lawns and parks of our city.
Clear, thick, jellylike material (cytosol)
Contains the cytoskeleton fibers
Clear, thick, jellylike material (cytosol)
Contains the cytoskeleton fibers
Billy Wu Honors Biology AB www.cellebrate-the-system-for-mrs-pond.weebly.com